1. What kind of comparison operators can be used in a WHERE clause?
Operator Meaning
= (Equals) Equal to
> (Greater Than) Greater than
< (Less Than) Less than
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Greater than or equal to
<= (Less Than or Equal To) Less than or equal to
<> (Not Equal To) Not equal to
!= (Not Equal To) Not equal to (not SQL-92 standard)
!< (Not Less Than) Not less than (not SQL-92 standard)
!> (Not Greater Than) Not greater than (not SQL-92 standard)
2.What are four major operators that can be used to combine conditions on a WHERE
clause?
OR, AND, IN and BETWEEN
3.What are the logical operators?
Operator Meaning
ALL TRUE if all of a set of comparisons are TRUE.
AND TRUE if both Boolean expressions are TRUE.
ANY TRUE if any one of a set of comparisons are TRUE.
BETWEEN TRUE if the operand is within a range.
EXISTS TRUE if a subquery contains any rows.
IN TRUE if the operand is equal to one of a list of expressions.
LIKE TRUE if the operand matches a pattern.
NOT Reverses the value of any other Boolean operator.
OR TRUE if either Boolean expression is TRUE.
SOME TRUE if some of a set of comparisons are TRUE.
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
SQL Queries FAQ
1.Table
Employee Phone
empid
empname
salary
mgrid empid
phnumber
2. Select all employees who doesn't have phone?
SELECT empname
FROM Employee
WHERE (empid NOT IN
(SELECT DISTINCT empid
FROM phone))
3. Select the employee names who is having more than one phone numbers.
SELECT empname
FROM employee
WHERE (empid IN
(SELECT empid
FROM phone
GROUP BY empid
HAVING COUNT(empid) > 1))
4. Select the details of 3 max salaried employees from employee table.
SELECT TOP 3 empid, salary
FROM employee
ORDER BY salary DESC
5. Display all managers from the table. (manager id is same as emp id)
SELECT empname
FROM employee
WHERE (empid IN
(SELECT DISTINCT mgrid
FROM employee))
6. Write a Select statement to list the Employee Name, Manager Name
under a particular manager?
SELECT e1.empname AS EmpName, e2.empname AS ManagerName
FROM Employee e1 INNER JOIN
Employee e2 ON e1.mgrid = e2.empid
ORDER BY e2.mgrid
7. 2 tables emp and phone.
emp fields are - empid, name
Ph fields are - empid, ph (office, mobile, home). Select all employees
who doesn't have any ph nos.
SELECT *
FROM employee LEFT OUTER JOIN
phone ON employee.empid = phone.empid
WHERE (phone.office IS NULL OR phone.office = ' ')
AND (phone.mobile IS NULL OR phone.mobile = ' ')
AND (phone.home IS NULL OR phone.home = ' ')
8. Find employee who is living in more than one city.
Two Tables:
Emp City
Empid Empid
empName City
Salary
SELECT empname, fname, lname
FROM employee
WHERE (empid IN
(SELECT empid
FROM city
GROUP BY empid
HAVING COUNT(empid) > 1))
9. Find all employees who is living in the same city. (table is same
as above)
SELECT fname
FROM employee
WHERE (empid IN
(SELECT empid
FROM city a
WHERE city IN
(SELECT city
FROM city b
GROUP BY city
HAVING COUNT(city) > 1)))
10. There is a table named MovieTable with three columns - moviename,
person and role. Write a query which gets the movie details where Mr.
Amitabh and Mr. Vinod acted and their role is actor.
SELECT DISTINCT m1.moviename
FROM MovieTable m1 INNER JOIN
MovieTable m2 ON m1.moviename = m2.moviename
WHERE (m1.person = 'amitabh' AND m2.person = 'vinod' OR
m2.person = 'amitabh' AND m1.person = 'vinod') AND (m1.role = 'actor')
AND (m2.role = 'actor')
ORDER BY m1.moviename
11. There are two employee tables named emp1 and emp2. Both contains
same structure (salary details). But Emp2 salary details are incorrect
and emp1 salary details are correct. So, write a query which corrects
salary details of the table emp2
update a set a.sal=b.sal from emp1 a, emp2 b where a.empid=b.empid
12. Given a Table named "Students" which contains studentid, subjectid
and marks. Where there are 10 subjects and 50 students. Write a Query
to find out the Maximum marks obtained in each subject.
13. In this same tables now write a SQL Query to get the studentid
also to combine with previous results.
14. Three tables – student , course, marks – how do go @ finding name
of the students who got max marks in the diff courses.
SELECT student.name, course.name AS coursename, marks.sid, marks.mark
FROM marks INNER JOIN
student ON marks.sid = student.sid INNER JOIN
course ON marks.cid = course.cid
WHERE (marks.mark =
(SELECT MAX(Mark)
FROM Marks MaxMark
WHERE MaxMark.cID = Marks.cID))
15. There is a table day_temp which has three columns dayid, day and
temperature. How do I write a query to get the difference of
temperature among each other for seven days of a week?
SELECT a.dayid, a.dday, a.tempe, a.tempe - b.tempe AS Difference
FROM day_temp a INNER JOIN
day_temp b ON a.dayid = b.dayid + 1
OR
Select a.day, a.degree-b.degree from temperature a, temperature b
where a.id=b.id+1
16. There is a table which contains the names like this. a1, a2, a3,
a3, a4, a1, a1, a2 and their salaries. Write a query to get grand
total salary, and total salaries of individual employees in one query.
SELECT empid, SUM(salary) AS salary
FROM employee
GROUP BY empid WITH ROLLUP
ORDER BY empid
17. How to know how many tables contains empno as a column in a database?
SELECT COUNT(*) AS Counter
FROM syscolumns
WHERE (name = 'empno')
18. Find duplicate rows in a table? OR I have a table with one column
which has many records which are not distinct. I need to find the
distinct values from that column and number of times it's repeated.
SELECT sid, mark, COUNT(*) AS Counter
FROM marks
GROUP BY sid, mark
HAVING (COUNT(*) > 1)
19. How to delete the rows which are duplicate (don't delete both
duplicate records).
SET ROWCOUNT 1
DELETE yourtable
FROM yourtable a
WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM yourtable b WHERE b.name1 = a.name1 AND
b.age1 = a.age1) > 1
WHILE @@rowcount > 0
DELETE yourtable
FROM yourtable a
WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM yourtable b WHERE b.name1 = a.name1 AND
b.age1 = a.age1) > 1
SET ROWCOUNT 0
20. How to find 6th highest salary
SELECT TOP 1 salary
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT TOP 6 salary
FROM employee
ORDER BY salary DESC) a
ORDER BY salary
21. Find top salary among two tables
SELECT TOP 1 sal
FROM (SELECT MAX(sal) AS sal
FROM sal1
UNION
SELECT MAX(sal) AS sal
FROM sal2) a
ORDER BY sal DESC
22. Write a query to convert all the letters in a word to upper case
SELECT UPPER('test')
23. Write a query to round up the values of a number. For example even
if the user enters 7.1 it should be rounded up to 8.
SELECT CEILING (7.1)
24. Write a SQL Query to find first day of month?
SELECT DATENAME(dw, DATEADD(dd, - DATEPART(dd, GETDATE()) + 1,
GETDATE())) AS FirstDay
Datepart Abbreviations
year yy, yyyy
quarter qq, q
month mm, m
dayofyear dy, y
day dd, d
week wk, ww
weekday dw
hour hh
minute mi, n
second ss, s
millisecond ms
25. Table A contains column1 which is primary key and has 2 values (1,
2) and Table B contains column1 which is primary key and has 2 values
(2, 3). Write a query which returns the values that are not common for
the tables and the query should return one column with 2 records.
SELECT a.col1
FROM a, b
WHERE a.col1 <>
(SELECT b.col1
FROM a, b
WHERE a.col1 = b.col1)
UNION
SELECT b.col1
FROM a, b
WHERE b.col1 <>
(SELECT a.col1
FROM a, b
WHERE a.col1 = b.col1)
26. There are 3 tables Titles, Authors and Title-Authors. Write the
query to get the author name and the number of books written by that
author, the result should start from the author who has written the
maximum number of books and end with the author who has written the
minimum number of books.
27.
UPDATE emp_master
SET emp_sal =
CASE
WHEN emp_sal > 0 AND emp_sal <= 20000 THEN (emp_sal * 1.01) WHEN emp_sal > 20000 THEN (emp_sal * 1.02)
END
Employee Phone
empid
empname
salary
mgrid empid
phnumber
2. Select all employees who doesn't have phone?
SELECT empname
FROM Employee
WHERE (empid NOT IN
(SELECT DISTINCT empid
FROM phone))
3. Select the employee names who is having more than one phone numbers.
SELECT empname
FROM employee
WHERE (empid IN
(SELECT empid
FROM phone
GROUP BY empid
HAVING COUNT(empid) > 1))
4. Select the details of 3 max salaried employees from employee table.
SELECT TOP 3 empid, salary
FROM employee
ORDER BY salary DESC
5. Display all managers from the table. (manager id is same as emp id)
SELECT empname
FROM employee
WHERE (empid IN
(SELECT DISTINCT mgrid
FROM employee))
6. Write a Select statement to list the Employee Name, Manager Name
under a particular manager?
SELECT e1.empname AS EmpName, e2.empname AS ManagerName
FROM Employee e1 INNER JOIN
Employee e2 ON e1.mgrid = e2.empid
ORDER BY e2.mgrid
7. 2 tables emp and phone.
emp fields are - empid, name
Ph fields are - empid, ph (office, mobile, home). Select all employees
who doesn't have any ph nos.
SELECT *
FROM employee LEFT OUTER JOIN
phone ON employee.empid = phone.empid
WHERE (phone.office IS NULL OR phone.office = ' ')
AND (phone.mobile IS NULL OR phone.mobile = ' ')
AND (phone.home IS NULL OR phone.home = ' ')
8. Find employee who is living in more than one city.
Two Tables:
Emp City
Empid Empid
empName City
Salary
SELECT empname, fname, lname
FROM employee
WHERE (empid IN
(SELECT empid
FROM city
GROUP BY empid
HAVING COUNT(empid) > 1))
9. Find all employees who is living in the same city. (table is same
as above)
SELECT fname
FROM employee
WHERE (empid IN
(SELECT empid
FROM city a
WHERE city IN
(SELECT city
FROM city b
GROUP BY city
HAVING COUNT(city) > 1)))
10. There is a table named MovieTable with three columns - moviename,
person and role. Write a query which gets the movie details where Mr.
Amitabh and Mr. Vinod acted and their role is actor.
SELECT DISTINCT m1.moviename
FROM MovieTable m1 INNER JOIN
MovieTable m2 ON m1.moviename = m2.moviename
WHERE (m1.person = 'amitabh' AND m2.person = 'vinod' OR
m2.person = 'amitabh' AND m1.person = 'vinod') AND (m1.role = 'actor')
AND (m2.role = 'actor')
ORDER BY m1.moviename
11. There are two employee tables named emp1 and emp2. Both contains
same structure (salary details). But Emp2 salary details are incorrect
and emp1 salary details are correct. So, write a query which corrects
salary details of the table emp2
update a set a.sal=b.sal from emp1 a, emp2 b where a.empid=b.empid
12. Given a Table named "Students" which contains studentid, subjectid
and marks. Where there are 10 subjects and 50 students. Write a Query
to find out the Maximum marks obtained in each subject.
13. In this same tables now write a SQL Query to get the studentid
also to combine with previous results.
14. Three tables – student , course, marks – how do go @ finding name
of the students who got max marks in the diff courses.
SELECT student.name, course.name AS coursename, marks.sid, marks.mark
FROM marks INNER JOIN
student ON marks.sid = student.sid INNER JOIN
course ON marks.cid = course.cid
WHERE (marks.mark =
(SELECT MAX(Mark)
FROM Marks MaxMark
WHERE MaxMark.cID = Marks.cID))
15. There is a table day_temp which has three columns dayid, day and
temperature. How do I write a query to get the difference of
temperature among each other for seven days of a week?
SELECT a.dayid, a.dday, a.tempe, a.tempe - b.tempe AS Difference
FROM day_temp a INNER JOIN
day_temp b ON a.dayid = b.dayid + 1
OR
Select a.day, a.degree-b.degree from temperature a, temperature b
where a.id=b.id+1
16. There is a table which contains the names like this. a1, a2, a3,
a3, a4, a1, a1, a2 and their salaries. Write a query to get grand
total salary, and total salaries of individual employees in one query.
SELECT empid, SUM(salary) AS salary
FROM employee
GROUP BY empid WITH ROLLUP
ORDER BY empid
17. How to know how many tables contains empno as a column in a database?
SELECT COUNT(*) AS Counter
FROM syscolumns
WHERE (name = 'empno')
18. Find duplicate rows in a table? OR I have a table with one column
which has many records which are not distinct. I need to find the
distinct values from that column and number of times it's repeated.
SELECT sid, mark, COUNT(*) AS Counter
FROM marks
GROUP BY sid, mark
HAVING (COUNT(*) > 1)
19. How to delete the rows which are duplicate (don't delete both
duplicate records).
SET ROWCOUNT 1
DELETE yourtable
FROM yourtable a
WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM yourtable b WHERE b.name1 = a.name1 AND
b.age1 = a.age1) > 1
WHILE @@rowcount > 0
DELETE yourtable
FROM yourtable a
WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM yourtable b WHERE b.name1 = a.name1 AND
b.age1 = a.age1) > 1
SET ROWCOUNT 0
20. How to find 6th highest salary
SELECT TOP 1 salary
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT TOP 6 salary
FROM employee
ORDER BY salary DESC) a
ORDER BY salary
21. Find top salary among two tables
SELECT TOP 1 sal
FROM (SELECT MAX(sal) AS sal
FROM sal1
UNION
SELECT MAX(sal) AS sal
FROM sal2) a
ORDER BY sal DESC
22. Write a query to convert all the letters in a word to upper case
SELECT UPPER('test')
23. Write a query to round up the values of a number. For example even
if the user enters 7.1 it should be rounded up to 8.
SELECT CEILING (7.1)
24. Write a SQL Query to find first day of month?
SELECT DATENAME(dw, DATEADD(dd, - DATEPART(dd, GETDATE()) + 1,
GETDATE())) AS FirstDay
Datepart Abbreviations
year yy, yyyy
quarter qq, q
month mm, m
dayofyear dy, y
day dd, d
week wk, ww
weekday dw
hour hh
minute mi, n
second ss, s
millisecond ms
25. Table A contains column1 which is primary key and has 2 values (1,
2) and Table B contains column1 which is primary key and has 2 values
(2, 3). Write a query which returns the values that are not common for
the tables and the query should return one column with 2 records.
SELECT a.col1
FROM a, b
WHERE a.col1 <>
(SELECT b.col1
FROM a, b
WHERE a.col1 = b.col1)
UNION
SELECT b.col1
FROM a, b
WHERE b.col1 <>
(SELECT a.col1
FROM a, b
WHERE a.col1 = b.col1)
26. There are 3 tables Titles, Authors and Title-Authors. Write the
query to get the author name and the number of books written by that
author, the result should start from the author who has written the
maximum number of books and end with the author who has written the
minimum number of books.
27.
UPDATE emp_master
SET emp_sal =
CASE
WHEN emp_sal > 0 AND emp_sal <= 20000 THEN (emp_sal * 1.01) WHEN emp_sal > 20000 THEN (emp_sal * 1.02)
END
Importance of Installation testing/ Installation test cases
During my xxxx Project I have been asked to install clean OS and oracle. I did the same during the oracle installation, I came across with some errors and I just skipped all those and completed my oracle installation. After that I was asked to install the application on that machine. I did the same and completed my full installation. Once the installation was completed, I performed a sanity to ensure that there is no major functionality breaking in the application. Unfortunately the major functionality in the application was breaking and we were not able to continue testing the application.
In fact this was the last build we were supposed to test for this release. We didn't have the bandwidth to re-install and test. All we did is, we went back to client and said that the build is breaking (the major functionality in the application is breaking) No client would be happy to take this feedback. Same was my client. In fact there was a slip from our end during the oracle installation. Finally we found that during our re-installation process. From there on we decided to have Installation test cases to ensure that nothing is slipped or missed during our installation process.
Installation test cases are the basic set of test cases where every testing team should have along with the functional test cases to ensure that the environment is up and running well.
In fact this was the last build we were supposed to test for this release. We didn't have the bandwidth to re-install and test. All we did is, we went back to client and said that the build is breaking (the major functionality in the application is breaking) No client would be happy to take this feedback. Same was my client. In fact there was a slip from our end during the oracle installation. Finally we found that during our re-installation process. From there on we decided to have Installation test cases to ensure that nothing is slipped or missed during our installation process.
Installation test cases are the basic set of test cases where every testing team should have along with the functional test cases to ensure that the environment is up and running well.
Basic Interview questions for QA
1. What is Software Testing?
A. Testing involves operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating the results,The controlled conditions should include both normal and abnormal conditions.
Testing is a process of executing a program with the intend of finding the errors.
2. What is the Purpose of Testing?
A. The purpose of testing is
1· To uncover hidden errors
2· To achieve the maximum usability of the system
3· To Demonstrate expected performance of the system
3. What types of testing do testers perform?
A. Two types of testing 1.White Box Testing 2.Black Box Testing.
4. What is the Outcome of Testing?
A. The outcome of testing will be a stable application which meets the customer Req's.
5. What kind of testing have you done?
A. Usability,Functionality,System testing,regression testing,UAT
(it depends on the person).
6. What is the need for testing?
A. The Primary need is to match requirements get satisfied with the functionality
and also to answer two questions
1· Whether the system is doing what it supposes to do?
2· Whether the system is not performing what it is not suppose to do?
7. What are the entry criteria for Functionality and Performance testing?
A. Entry criteria for Functionality testing is Functional Specification /BRS (CRS)/User Manual.An integrated application, Stable for testing.
Entry criteria for Performance testing is successfully of functional testing,once all the requirements related to functional are covered and tested, and approved or validated.
8. Why do you go for White box testing, when Black box testing is available?
A. A benchmark that certifies Commercial (Business) aspects and also functional (technical)aspects is objectives of black box testing. Here loops, structures, arrays, conditions,files, etc are very micro level but they arc Basement for any application, So White box takes these things in Macro level and test these things
Even though Black box testing is available,we should go for White box testing also,to check the correctness of code and for integrating the modules.
9.What are the entry criteria for Automation testing?
A. Application should be stable. Clear Design and Flow of the application is needed.
10.When to start and Stop Testing?
A. This can be difficult to determine. Many modern software applications are so complex,and run in such an interdependent environment, that complete testing can never be done.
Common factors in deciding when to stop are:
Deadlines (release deadlines, testing deadlines, etc.)
Test cases completed with certain percentage passed
Test budget depleted
Coverage of code/functionality/requirements reaches a specified point
Bug rate falls below a certain level
Beta or alpha testing period ends
11.What is Quality?
A. It ensures that software is a Bug free,delivered in time,with in budget,meets customer requirements and maintainable.Quality standards are different in various areas like accounting department might define quality in terms of Profit.
12.What is Baseline document?
A. The review and approved document is called as baseline document (i.e)Test plan,SRS.
13.What is verification?
A. To check whether we are developing the right product according to the customer
requirements r not.It is a static process.
14.What is validation?
A. To check whether we have developed the product according to the customer requirements r not.It is a Dynamic process.
15.What is quality assurance?
A. Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a quality product.
1.It is a system of management activities.
2.It is a preventive process.
3.It applies for entire life cycle.
4.Deals with Proces.
16.What is quality control?
A. Quality control measures the quality of a product
1.It is a specific part of the QA procedure.
2.It is a corrective process.
3.It applies for particular product.
4.Deals with the product.
17.What is SDLC and TDLC?
A. Software development life cycle(SDLC) is life cycle of a project from starting to ending of the project.
1.Requiremnts Specification. 2.Analysis
3.Design 4.Coding
5.Testing 6.User acceptance test(UAT)
7.Maintainance
Software Test Life Cycle(STLC) is a life cycle of the testing process.
1.Requiremnts Specification. 2.Planning
3.Test case Design. 4.Execution
5.Bug Reporting. 6.Maintainance
18.What are the Qualities of a Tester?
A. Tester should have qualities like
1.ability to break 2.paitence 3.communication
4.Presentation 5.team work. 6.negative thinking with good judgment skills
19.What are the various levels of testing?
A. The various levels of testing like
1· Ad - Hoc testing
2. Sanity Test
3. Regression Testing
4. Functional testing
5· Web Testing
20.After completing testing, what would you deliver to the client?
A. It is depend upon what you have specified in the test plan document.
the contents delivers to the clients is nothing but Test Deliverables.
1.Test plan document 2.Master test case document 3.Test summary Report.
4.Defect Reports.
21.What is a Test Bed?
A. Test bed means under what test environment(Hardware,software set up) the
application will run smoothly.
22.Why do you go for Test Bed?
A. We will prepare test bed bcoz first we need to identify under which
environment (Hardware,software) the application will run smoothly,then
only we can run the application smoothly without any intereptions.
23.What is Severity and Priority and who will decide what?
A. Severity and priority will be assigned for a particular bug to know the importance of the bug.
Severity:How sevierly the bug is effecting the application.
Priority:Informing to the developer which bug to be fix first.
24.Can Automation testing replace manual testing? If it so, how?
A. Yes,it can be done manually when the project is small,having more time.
we can test with minimum number of users.
25.What is a test case?
A. A test case is a document that describes an input, action, or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of anapplication is working correctly.
26.What is a test condition?
A. The condition required to test a feature.(pre condition)
27.What is the test script?
A. Test script is the script which is generated by an automation tool while recording a application features.
28.What is the test data?
A. Test data means the input data(valid,invalid data) giving to check the feature
of an application is working correctly.
29.What is the difference between Re-testing and Regression testing?
A Re-testing:Executing the same test case by giving the no. of inputs on same build.
Regression testing:Executing the same test case on a modified build.
30.What are the different types of testing techniques?
A. 1.white Box testing 2.Black Box testing.
31.What are the different types of test case techniques?
A. 1.Equilance Partition. 2.Boundary Value Analysis. 3.Error guesing.
32.What ifs the difference between defect, error, bug?
A. Defect:While executing the test case if u found any mismatch,the u will report
it to the development team,that is called defect.
Bug:Once the developer accepts your defect,the it is called as a bug.
error:it may be program error or syntax error.
33.What is the difference between quality and testing?
A. QA is more a preventive thing, ensuring quality in the company and therefore
the product rather than just testing the product for software bugs?
TESTING means "quality control"
Quality control measures the quality of a product
Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a
quality product.
34.What is the difference between White & Black Box Testing?
A. White Box Testing:Based on the knowledge of the internal logic of an application's code.Tests are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, conditions.
Black Box testing:- not based on any knowledge of internal design or code.
Tests are based on requirements and functionality.
35.What is the difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control?
A.
Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a
quality product.
Quality control measures the quality of the product.
36.What is the difference between Testing and debugging?
A. The Purpose of testing is to show the program has bugs.
The Purpose of debugging is find the error/ misconception that led to failure and implement program changes that correct the error.
37.What is the difference between bug and defect?
A. Defect:While executing the test case if u found any mismatch,the u will report
it to the development team,that is called defect.
Bug:Once the developer accepts your defect,the it is called as a bug.
38.What is the difference between unit testing and integration testing?
A. Unit Testing:It is a testing activity typically done by the developers not by testers,as it requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code. Not always easily done unless the application has a well-designed architecture with tight code.
integration testing:testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. The 'parts' can be code modules, individual applications,client and server applications on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.
39. What is the diff between Volume & Load?
A. Load,stress testing comes under performance testing.
Load Testing:To test the performance of the application by gradually
increasing the user loads.
Stress Testing:TO test the performance of the application and to find the server break down or where the server crashes.
Volume Testing:To test whether it can able to send max data according to client req's.
40. What is the Diff between Two Tier & Three tier Architecture?
A. Two Tier Architecture:It is nothing but client server Architecture,where client will hit request directly to server and client will get response directly from server.
Three tier Architecture:It is nothing but Web Based application,here in between client and server middle ware will be there,if client hits a request it will go to the middle ware and middle ware will send to server and vise-versa.
41. What is the diff between Integration & System Testing?
A. integration testing:testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. The 'parts' can be code modules, individual applications,client and server applications on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.
System Testing:system testing will conducted on the entire system to check whether
it is meeting the customer requirements r not.
42. What is the diff between walk through and inspection?
A. walk through:A 'walk through' is an informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes. Little or no preparation is usually required
inspection:Inspection is an formal meeting,here every thing discussed will be documented such as a requirements spec or a test plan, and the purpose is to find problems and see what's missing,The result of the inspection meeting should be a written report.
43. What is the Diff between static and dynamic?
A. Static Testing:Test activities that are performed without running the software is called Static Testing,it includes inspections,walk throughs and desk checks.
dynamic testing:Test activities that are performed by running the software is called dynamic Testing.
44. What is the diff between alpha testing and beta testing?
A. Alpha Testing:alpha testing will be performed by client in our environment with dummy data,In this phase some major bugs can be allowed,later which will be solved by our development team.
beta testing:beta testing will be performed by client in his environment with real data,In this phase no bugs can be allowed.
45.What is Recovery testing?
A.testing how well a system recovers from crashes, hardware failures, or other catastrophic problems.
A. Testing involves operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating the results,The controlled conditions should include both normal and abnormal conditions.
Testing is a process of executing a program with the intend of finding the errors.
2. What is the Purpose of Testing?
A. The purpose of testing is
1· To uncover hidden errors
2· To achieve the maximum usability of the system
3· To Demonstrate expected performance of the system
3. What types of testing do testers perform?
A. Two types of testing 1.White Box Testing 2.Black Box Testing.
4. What is the Outcome of Testing?
A. The outcome of testing will be a stable application which meets the customer Req's.
5. What kind of testing have you done?
A. Usability,Functionality,System testing,regression testing,UAT
(it depends on the person).
6. What is the need for testing?
A. The Primary need is to match requirements get satisfied with the functionality
and also to answer two questions
1· Whether the system is doing what it supposes to do?
2· Whether the system is not performing what it is not suppose to do?
7. What are the entry criteria for Functionality and Performance testing?
A. Entry criteria for Functionality testing is Functional Specification /BRS (CRS)/User Manual.An integrated application, Stable for testing.
Entry criteria for Performance testing is successfully of functional testing,once all the requirements related to functional are covered and tested, and approved or validated.
8. Why do you go for White box testing, when Black box testing is available?
A. A benchmark that certifies Commercial (Business) aspects and also functional (technical)aspects is objectives of black box testing. Here loops, structures, arrays, conditions,files, etc are very micro level but they arc Basement for any application, So White box takes these things in Macro level and test these things
Even though Black box testing is available,we should go for White box testing also,to check the correctness of code and for integrating the modules.
9.What are the entry criteria for Automation testing?
A. Application should be stable. Clear Design and Flow of the application is needed.
10.When to start and Stop Testing?
A. This can be difficult to determine. Many modern software applications are so complex,and run in such an interdependent environment, that complete testing can never be done.
Common factors in deciding when to stop are:
Deadlines (release deadlines, testing deadlines, etc.)
Test cases completed with certain percentage passed
Test budget depleted
Coverage of code/functionality/requirements reaches a specified point
Bug rate falls below a certain level
Beta or alpha testing period ends
11.What is Quality?
A. It ensures that software is a Bug free,delivered in time,with in budget,meets customer requirements and maintainable.Quality standards are different in various areas like accounting department might define quality in terms of Profit.
12.What is Baseline document?
A. The review and approved document is called as baseline document (i.e)Test plan,SRS.
13.What is verification?
A. To check whether we are developing the right product according to the customer
requirements r not.It is a static process.
14.What is validation?
A. To check whether we have developed the product according to the customer requirements r not.It is a Dynamic process.
15.What is quality assurance?
A. Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a quality product.
1.It is a system of management activities.
2.It is a preventive process.
3.It applies for entire life cycle.
4.Deals with Proces.
16.What is quality control?
A. Quality control measures the quality of a product
1.It is a specific part of the QA procedure.
2.It is a corrective process.
3.It applies for particular product.
4.Deals with the product.
17.What is SDLC and TDLC?
A. Software development life cycle(SDLC) is life cycle of a project from starting to ending of the project.
1.Requiremnts Specification. 2.Analysis
3.Design 4.Coding
5.Testing 6.User acceptance test(UAT)
7.Maintainance
Software Test Life Cycle(STLC) is a life cycle of the testing process.
1.Requiremnts Specification. 2.Planning
3.Test case Design. 4.Execution
5.Bug Reporting. 6.Maintainance
18.What are the Qualities of a Tester?
A. Tester should have qualities like
1.ability to break 2.paitence 3.communication
4.Presentation 5.team work. 6.negative thinking with good judgment skills
19.What are the various levels of testing?
A. The various levels of testing like
1· Ad - Hoc testing
2. Sanity Test
3. Regression Testing
4. Functional testing
5· Web Testing
20.After completing testing, what would you deliver to the client?
A. It is depend upon what you have specified in the test plan document.
the contents delivers to the clients is nothing but Test Deliverables.
1.Test plan document 2.Master test case document 3.Test summary Report.
4.Defect Reports.
21.What is a Test Bed?
A. Test bed means under what test environment(Hardware,software set up) the
application will run smoothly.
22.Why do you go for Test Bed?
A. We will prepare test bed bcoz first we need to identify under which
environment (Hardware,software) the application will run smoothly,then
only we can run the application smoothly without any intereptions.
23.What is Severity and Priority and who will decide what?
A. Severity and priority will be assigned for a particular bug to know the importance of the bug.
Severity:How sevierly the bug is effecting the application.
Priority:Informing to the developer which bug to be fix first.
24.Can Automation testing replace manual testing? If it so, how?
A. Yes,it can be done manually when the project is small,having more time.
we can test with minimum number of users.
25.What is a test case?
A. A test case is a document that describes an input, action, or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of anapplication is working correctly.
26.What is a test condition?
A. The condition required to test a feature.(pre condition)
27.What is the test script?
A. Test script is the script which is generated by an automation tool while recording a application features.
28.What is the test data?
A. Test data means the input data(valid,invalid data) giving to check the feature
of an application is working correctly.
29.What is the difference between Re-testing and Regression testing?
A Re-testing:Executing the same test case by giving the no. of inputs on same build.
Regression testing:Executing the same test case on a modified build.
30.What are the different types of testing techniques?
A. 1.white Box testing 2.Black Box testing.
31.What are the different types of test case techniques?
A. 1.Equilance Partition. 2.Boundary Value Analysis. 3.Error guesing.
32.What ifs the difference between defect, error, bug?
A. Defect:While executing the test case if u found any mismatch,the u will report
it to the development team,that is called defect.
Bug:Once the developer accepts your defect,the it is called as a bug.
error:it may be program error or syntax error.
33.What is the difference between quality and testing?
A. QA is more a preventive thing, ensuring quality in the company and therefore
the product rather than just testing the product for software bugs?
TESTING means "quality control"
Quality control measures the quality of a product
Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a
quality product.
34.What is the difference between White & Black Box Testing?
A. White Box Testing:Based on the knowledge of the internal logic of an application's code.Tests are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, conditions.
Black Box testing:- not based on any knowledge of internal design or code.
Tests are based on requirements and functionality.
35.What is the difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control?
A.
Quality Assurance measures the quality of processes used to create a
quality product.
Quality control measures the quality of the product.
36.What is the difference between Testing and debugging?
A. The Purpose of testing is to show the program has bugs.
The Purpose of debugging is find the error/ misconception that led to failure and implement program changes that correct the error.
37.What is the difference between bug and defect?
A. Defect:While executing the test case if u found any mismatch,the u will report
it to the development team,that is called defect.
Bug:Once the developer accepts your defect,the it is called as a bug.
38.What is the difference between unit testing and integration testing?
A. Unit Testing:It is a testing activity typically done by the developers not by testers,as it requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code. Not always easily done unless the application has a well-designed architecture with tight code.
integration testing:testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. The 'parts' can be code modules, individual applications,client and server applications on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.
39. What is the diff between Volume & Load?
A. Load,stress testing comes under performance testing.
Load Testing:To test the performance of the application by gradually
increasing the user loads.
Stress Testing:TO test the performance of the application and to find the server break down or where the server crashes.
Volume Testing:To test whether it can able to send max data according to client req's.
40. What is the Diff between Two Tier & Three tier Architecture?
A. Two Tier Architecture:It is nothing but client server Architecture,where client will hit request directly to server and client will get response directly from server.
Three tier Architecture:It is nothing but Web Based application,here in between client and server middle ware will be there,if client hits a request it will go to the middle ware and middle ware will send to server and vise-versa.
41. What is the diff between Integration & System Testing?
A. integration testing:testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. The 'parts' can be code modules, individual applications,client and server applications on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.
System Testing:system testing will conducted on the entire system to check whether
it is meeting the customer requirements r not.
42. What is the diff between walk through and inspection?
A. walk through:A 'walk through' is an informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes. Little or no preparation is usually required
inspection:Inspection is an formal meeting,here every thing discussed will be documented such as a requirements spec or a test plan, and the purpose is to find problems and see what's missing,The result of the inspection meeting should be a written report.
43. What is the Diff between static and dynamic?
A. Static Testing:Test activities that are performed without running the software is called Static Testing,it includes inspections,walk throughs and desk checks.
dynamic testing:Test activities that are performed by running the software is called dynamic Testing.
44. What is the diff between alpha testing and beta testing?
A. Alpha Testing:alpha testing will be performed by client in our environment with dummy data,In this phase some major bugs can be allowed,later which will be solved by our development team.
beta testing:beta testing will be performed by client in his environment with real data,In this phase no bugs can be allowed.
45.What is Recovery testing?
A.testing how well a system recovers from crashes, hardware failures, or other catastrophic problems.
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